*Definition:
- Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If clause (Câu điều kiện cũng được biết như là các mệnh đề điều kiện hoặc là các mệnh đề If)
- They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place with a certain condition (in the clause with if). (Chúng được dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động trong mệnh đề chính (không có if) có thể xảy ra với một điều kiện cụ thể (trong mệnh đề có if)
***There are three Conditional Sentences: - Có 3 loại câu điều kiện.
I) Type 1: Present or Future Real Condition - Câu điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Form:
IF + Simple Present, will-Future
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e.g.:
- If I find her address, I will send her an invitation.
- If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.
- If John has enough money, he will buy a new car.
II) Type 2: Present Unreal Condition - Câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại.
Form:
IF + Pass Subjunctive, WOULD + Infinitive
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*Note: Past Subjunctive is similar to the Simple Past, only that the verb “BE” becomes “WERE” for all persons. (Past Subjunctive thì tương tự với thì quá khứ đơn, chỉ khác là động từ “Be” luôn chia thành “were” cho tất cả các ngôi)
e.g.:
- If I were you, I would not do this.
- If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.
- I would send her an invitation if I found her address.
III) Type 3: Past Unreal Condition - Câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ.
Form:
IF + Past Perfect, WOULD + HAVE + Past Participle
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e.g.:
- Yesterday, if I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
- Last year, if I had studied hard, I would have passed my exams.
- If John had had enough money last week, he would have bought a new car.
Exercise 1: Complete the Conditional Sentences TYPE 1
1. If Daisy and Sue (prepare)………the salad, Phil (paint)…………the house.
2. If Sue (cut) …………..the onions for the salad, Caroline (wash)…………the mushrooms.
3. If Bob (tidy)………….up the kitchen, Anita (clean)…………….the toilet.
4. Mary (buy)…………..the drinks if somebody (help)………….her carry the bottles.
5. If Bob (cook)………..the barbecue, Sue (do)……………the dishes.
Exercise If: Complete the Conditional Sentences TYPE 2
1. If I (play)…………the lottery, I (have)………..a chance to win.
2. If I (win)………the lottery, I (be)…………rich.
3. If I (be)………….rich, my life (change) ……….completely.
4. I (buy)…………. A lonely island, if I (find)…………a nice one.
5. If I (own)………. A lonely is land, I (build)…………….. a huge house by the beach.
Exercise 3: Complete the Conditional Sentences TYPE I + II + III
1. If I (be) …….stronger, I’d help you carry the piano.
2. If we’d seen you, we (stop)…………………..
3. If we (meet)…………….him tomorrow, we’ll say hello.
4. He would have repaired the car himself if he (have)……… the tools.
5. If you drop the vase, it (break)…………….
6. If hadn’t studied, I (not/pass)…………….the exam.
7. I wouldn’t go to school by bus if I (have)………….a driving license.
8. I (fly)………… to London if I get a cheap flight.
9. If I (come)………home earlier yesterday, I would have met him.
10. We’d be stupid if we (tell)…………him about our secret.
11. If you need the car in the afternoon, I (go)……………. Shopping in the morning.
12. If I (wear)……. A hat, I would look like an old woman.
13. I’ll buy this bag if they (have)………..it in blue.
14. If I didn’t have you, I (not/know) …………….what to do.
15. She wouldn’t pay cash if she (have)……….a credit card.
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